laser gyro

Sensitivity and range selection of piezoelectric acceleration sensor

Principles of acceleration and gyroscope

The fiber optic gyroscope is an essential inertial navigation instrument used in modern aviation, navigation, aerospace, and defense industries. It accurately determines the orientation of moving objects based on a sensitive element that uses an optical fiber coil. The light emitted by the laser diode propagates along the optical fiber in two directions, and the difference in the light propagation path determines the angular displacement of the sensitive element.

Accelerometers are devices that measure acceleration in units of g on one, two, or three planes. The most commonly used accelerometer is the 3-axis accelerometer, which consists of three accelerometers, each measuring acceleration in a different direction in the X, Y, and Z planes. When the acceleration in any plane acts in the opposite direction to that which the sensor is pointing, the accelerometer measures the acceleration in negative values. Otherwise, acceleration is measured as a positive value. If the accelerometer is not affected by any external acceleration, the device will only measure the acceleration with respect to the Earth, i.e., gravity.

The Inertial Navigation System (INS) consists of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a Central Processing Unit (CPU), such as a navigation computer on an aircraft. The IMU includes a gyroscope that senses rotation and an accelerometer that measures speed changes. Ring Laser Gyroscope (RLG) and Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope are very common types of gyroscopes.

In the field of modern industry and science and technology, accelerometers, as an important sensor, are widely used in aerospace, navigation systems, vehicle control and industrial automation and other fields. With the development of technology, there are many types of accelerometers on the market, of which quartz accelerometers and MEMS accelerometers are the most common. So, what's the difference between these two accelerometers?

An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is a sensor device that measures and reports a body's specific force, angular rate, and sometimes the magnetic field surrounding the body, using a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. It is commonly used to determine the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without relying on external references.An IMU typically consists of: